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European countries reported more than 10,000 excess deaths during the record-breaking heat wave that engulfed the west of the continent in late June, official data shows.
The vast majority — more than 9,000 — were among people aged 65 and above, according to data published by EuroMOMO, a network backed by the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control and the World Health Organization.
Extreme heat can kill by causing heat stroke, or aggravating cardiovascular and respiratory diseases, with older people among the most vulnerable.
“To have this kind of excess at this time of year is unusual. It’s really high,” Lasse Vestergaard, chief physician at Denmark’s Statens Serum Institut, which hosts EuroMOMO, told Reuters.
“It is difficult to explain this high excess mortality by anything but the extreme heat.”
France reported around 1,000 additional deaths last week as a record smashing heat wave spreads across Europe. The numbers are expected to climb as more data is collected.
Scientists have said the late-June heat wave would have been “virtually impossible” without human-caused climate change, which is making heat waves more frequent and intense.
The data, pooled from national mortality statistics in 27 European countries, included excess deaths from all causes, not just heat-related ones, during the week of June 22 to 28, when the heat wave peaked in France, Spain, Britain and other countries.
But scientists said there were no other known major factors, such as COVID-19 outbreaks, that would have contributed to the spike to 10,650 excess deaths in that week.
The same European countries’ combined mortality over the previous eight weeks was, on average, around 500 deaths per week below typical levels. The EuroMOMO data could be revised in future weeks as more data comes in.
The extreme heat wave at the end of June disrupted power supplies, shut schools and smashed temperature records in France, Spain and the U.K.
Much of western Europe saw another scorching day on Saturday amid a deadly heat wave that has already broken temperature records in Britain, France and Spain. The heat is moving east across the continent, with one expert warning Switzerland’s glaciers are set to lose a massive amount of ice due to the heat wave.
EuroMOMO does not publish excess deaths per individual country, but it noted that France and Belgium were the only two countries in Europe to log “very high excess” mortality in the last week of June.
Belgium’s excess mortality was the highest during any heat wave in records going back to 2000, according to the country’s public health institute Sciensano.
A separate scientific study, published on Monday, estimated 2,700 people died from heat-related causes in England and Wales alone, during the May and June heatwaves.
Of those deaths, 42 per cent were caused by the extra heat that global warming contributed to the heatwaves, according to the findings by Imperial College London, the U.K. Met Office and the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine.
